References

Employment and Earnings

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Hartmann, Heidi and Ashley English. 2010. “Women and Men’s Employment and Unemployment in the Great Recession.” Briefing Paper #C373. Washington, DC: Institute for Women’s Policy Research. <http://www.iwpr.org/publications/pubs/women-and-men2019s-employment-and-unemployment-in-the-great-recession#sthash.QhMFsvO9.dpuf> (accessed January 30, 2015).

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Hasenbush Amira, Andrew R. Flores, Angeliki Kastanis, Brad Sears, and Gary J. Gates. 2014. The LGBT Divide: A Data Portrait of LGBT People in Midwestern, Mountain & Southern States. UCLA Law: The Williams Institute. <http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/LGBT-divide-Dec-2014.pdf> (accessed February 3, 2015).

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Institute for Women’s Policy Research. 2014b. IWPR calculations based on Current Population Survey data from the Geographic Profile of Employment and Unemployment, 2013. Bulletin 2768. Table 23. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. <http://www.bls.gov/opub/gp/pdf/gp13_23.pdf> (accessed November 19, 2014).

Institute for Women’s Policy Research. 2015. IWPR analysis of data from the 2013 American Community Survey based on Ruggles et al., Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (Integrated Public Use Microdata Series, Version 5.0).

Institute for Women’s Policy Research. N.d. “State Statutes That Address the Gender Wage Gap.” IWPR unpublished compilation of state laws.

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Lambert, Susan, Peter J. Fugiel, and Julia R. Henly. 2014. Precarious Work Schedules among Early-Career Employees in the US: A National Snapshot. Research Brief issued by EINet (Employment Instability, Family Well-being, and Social Policy Network) at the University of Chicago < http://ssascholars.uchicago.edu/work-scheduling-study/files/lambert.fugiel.henly_.precarious_work_schedules.august2014.pdf > (accessed January 8, 2015).

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U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2014b. Household Data Annual Averages. Table 24. “Unemployed Persons by Marital Status, Race, Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity, Age, and Sex.” <http://www.bls.gov/cps/aa2008/cpsaat24.pdf > (accessed January 2, 2015).

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U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2014d. “Persons with a Disability: Labor Force Characteristics Summary.” Economic News Release (June 11, 2014). <http://www.bls.gov/news.release/disabl.nr0.htm> (accessed December 6, 2014).

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2015a. Household Data Annual Averages. Table 5. “Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Sex, Age, and Race.” <http://www.bls.gov/cps/cpsaat03.htm> (accessed February 13, 2015).

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U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2015d. “Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Sex, Race, Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity, and Detailed Age, 2014 Annual Averages.” <http://www.bls.gov/lau/ptable14full2014.pdf> (accessed February 18, 2015).

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U.S. Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration. 2011. STEM: Good Jobs Now and for the Future. <http://www.esa.doc.gov/reports/stem-good-jobs-now-and-future> (accessed January 20, 2015.

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. 2015. 2011–2013 American Community Survey data accessed through American Fact Finder. Table S0201. Selected Population Profile in the United States. <http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml> (accessed February 27, 2015).

U.S. Department of Justice. 2014. “Treatment of Transgender Employment Discrimination Claims Under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.” <http://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/opa/press-releases/attachments/2014/12/18/title_vii_memo.pdf> (accessed February 3, 2015).

U.S. Department of Labor, Women’s Bureau. 2014. “Pay Secrecy.” <http://www.dol.gov/wb/media/pay_secrecy.pdf> (accessed January 20, 2015).

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U.S. Department of Labor, Wage and Hour Division. 2015b. “Minimum Wages for Tipped Employees.” <http://www.dol.gov/whd/state/tipped.htm> (accessed January 20, 2015).

Van Giezen, Robert W. 2012. “Paid Leave in Private Industry Over the Past 20 Years.” Washington, DC: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. <http://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-2/paid-leave-in-private-industry-over-the-past-20-years.htm> (accessed December 1, 2013).

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Poverty and Opportunity

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Fremstad, Shawn. 2010. A Modern Framework for Measuring Poverty and Basic Economic Security. Washington, DC: Center for Economic and Policy Research. <http://www.cepr.net/documents/publications/poverty-2010-04.pdf> (accessed October 8, 2014).

Gates, Gary. 2014a. “LGBT Demographics: Comparisons Among Population-based Surveys.” Los Angeles, California: Williams Institute, UCLA School of Law. <http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/lgbt-demogs-sep-2014.pdf> (accessed March 13, 2015).

Gates, Gary. 2014b. Food Insecurity and SNAP (Food Stamps) Participation in LGBT Communities. Los Angeles, CA: Williams Institute, UCLA School of Law. <http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/Food-Insecurity-in-LGBT-Communities.pdf> (accessed February 23, 2015).

Gates, Gary. 2014c. “In U.S., LGBT More Likely Than Non-LGBT to Be Uninsured.” <http://www.gallup.com/poll/175445/lgbt-likely-non-lgbt-uninsured.aspx> (accessed February 23, 2015).

Gault, Barbara, Lindsey Reichlin, and Stephanie Román. 2014. College Affordability for Low-Income Adults: Improving Returns on Investment for Families and Society. Report #C412. Washington, DC: Institute for Women’s Policy Research. <http://www.iwpr.org/publications/pubs/college-affordability-for-low-income-adults-improving-returns-on-investment-for-families-and-society> (accessed March 6, 2015).

Grant, Jamie M. Lisa A. Mottet, and Justin Tanis. 2011. Injustice at Every Turn: A Report of the National Transgender Discrimination Survey. Washington, DC: National Gay and Lesbian Task Force & National Center for Transgender Equality. <http://www.thetaskforce.org/downloads/reports/reports/ntds_full.pdf> (accessed December 10, 2014).

Hartmann, Heidi and Ashley English. 2009. “Older Women’s Retirement Security: A Primer.” Journal of Women, Politics, & Policy 30 (2–3): 109–140.

Hartmann, Heidi, Jeff Hayes, and Jennifer Clark. 2014. How Equal Pay for Working Women Would Reduce Poverty and Grow the American Economy. Briefing Paper #C411. Washington, DC: Institute for Women’s Policy Research. <http://www.iwpr.org/publications/pubs/how-equal-pay-for-working-women-would-reduce-poverty-and-grow-the-american-economy> (accessed September 8, 2014).

Hartmann, Heidi, Jeff Hayes, and Robert Drago. 2011. Social Security: Especially Vital to Women and People of Color, Men Increasingly Reliant. Report #D494. Washington, DC: Institute for Women’s Policy Research. <http://www.iwpr.org/publications/pubs/social-security-especially-vital-to-women-and-people-of-color-men-increasingly-reliant> (accessed March 18, 2015).

Hasenbush, Amira, Andrew R. Flores, Angeliki Kastanis, Brad Sears, and Gary J. Gates. 2014. The LGBT Divide: A Data Portrait of LGBT People in Midwestern, Mountain & Southern States. Los Angeles, CA: The Williams Institute, UCLA School of Law. <http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/LGBT-divide-Dec-2014.pdf> (accessed February 3, 2015).

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Institute for Women’s Policy Research. 2015a. IWPR analysis of data from the 2013 American Community Survey based on Ruggles et al., Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (Integrated Public Use Microdata Series, Version 5.0).

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Institute for Women’s Policy Research. 2015d. IWPR calculations of data from the Social Security Administration, Office of Retirement and Disability Policy, Office of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics. OASDI Beneficiaries By State and County, 2013. Tables 2 and 3. <http://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/statcomps/oasdi_sc/> (accessed February 27, 2015).

Kaiser Family Foundation. 2013a. “Focus on Health Reform: Summary of the Affordable Care Act.” <http://kff.org/health-reform/fact-sheet/summary-of-the-affordable-care-act/> (accessed February 23, 2015).

Kaiser Family Foundation. 2013b. “Health Reform: Implications for Women’s Access to Coverage and Care.” Issue Brief #7987-03. <http://kaiserfamilyfoundation.files. wordpress.com/2012/03/7987-03-health-reform-\implications-for-women_s-access-to-coverage-and-care.pdf> (accessed August 12, 2014).

Kaiser Family Foundation. 2013c. “Medicare’s Role for Older Women.” <http://kff.org/womens-health-policy/fact-sheet/medicares-role-for-older-women/> (accessed March 10, 2015).

Kaiser Family Foundation. 2015a. “Status of State Action on the Medicaid Expansion Decision.” <http://kff.org/health-reform/state-indicator/state-activity-around-expanding-medicaid-under-the-affordable-care-act/> (accessed February 26, 2015).

Kaiser Family Foundation. 2015b. “Medicaid/CHIP Coverage of Lawfully-Residing Immigrant Children and Pregnant Women.” <http://kff.org/health-reform/state-indicator/medicaid-chip-coverage-of-lawfully-residing-immigrant-children-and-pregnant-women/> (accessed March 13, 2015).

Kromer, Braeydn K. and David J. Howard. 2011. Comparison of ACS and CPS Data on Employment Status. Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau, Social, Economic, and Housing Statistics Division. <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/laborfor/compare-acs-cps.html> (accessed March 24, 2015).

Martinez, Michael E.and Robin A. Cohen. 2009. Health Insurance Coverage: Early Release of Estimates from the National Health Interview Survey, January-September 2008. National Center for Health Statistics. <http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhis/earlyrelease/insur200903.pdf> (accessed April 2, 2015).

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Redstone Akresh, Ilana. 2006. “Occupational Mobility Among Legal Immigrants to the United States.” International Migration Review 40 (4): 854–884.

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U.S. Department of Education. Institute for Education Sciences. National Center for Education Statistics. 2014. “Historical Summary of Faculty, Enrollment, Degrees, and Finances in Degree-Granting Postsecondary Institutions: Selected Years, 1869–70 Through 2011–2012.” Table 301.20. <http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d13/tables/dt13_301.20.asp> (accessed March 24, 2015).

U.S. Department of Justice. Office of the Attorney General. 2014. “Treatment of Transgender Employment Discrimination Claims Under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.” <http://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/opa/press-releases/attachments/2014/12/18/title_vii_memo.pdf> (accessed February 3, 2015).

U.S. Department of Labor. Employee Benefits Security Administration. N.d. “Young Adults and the Affordable Care Act: Protecting Young Adults and Eliminating Burdens on Businesses and Families.” <http://www.dol.gov/ebsa/faqs/faq-dependentcoverage.html> (accessed March 10, 2015).

U.S. Equal Opportunity Employment Commission. N.d. “Facts About Discrimination in Federal Government Employment Based on Marital Status, Political Affiliation, Status as a Parent, Sexual Orientation, or Transgender (Gender Identity) Status.” <http://www.eeoc.gov/federal/otherprotections.cfm> (accessed March 14, 2015).

U.S. Small Business Administration. 2011. Developments in Women-owned Business, 1997–2007. Washington, DC: U.S. Small Business Administration. <https://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/rs385tot_0.pdf> (accessed February 27, 2015).

Waters Boots, Shelley. 2010. Improving Access to Public Benefits: Helping Eligible Individuals and Families Get the Income Supports They Need. <http://www.aecf.org/~/media/Pubs/Topics/Economic%20Security/Family%20Economic%20Supports/ImprovingAccesstoPublicBenefitsHelpingEligibl/BenefitsAccess41410.pdf> (accessed April 13, 2014).

The White House. Office of the Press Secretary. 2014. “Executive Order — Further Amendments to Executive Order 11478, Equal Employment Opportunity in the Federal Government, and Executive Order 11246, Equal Employment Opportunity.” <http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2014/07/21/executive-order-further-amendments-executive-order-11478-equal-employmen> (accessed February 3, 2015).

Health & Well-Being

American Cancer Society. 2015. “Cancer Facts & Figures 2014.” Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society <http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/content/@editorial/documents/document/acspc-044552.pdf> (accessed March 2, 2015).

American Heart Association. 2013. “Facts: Cardiovascular Disease: Women’s No. 1 Health Threat.” Washington, DC: American Heart Association. <http://www.heart.org/idc/groups/heart-public/@wcm/@adv/documents/downloadable/ucm_302256.pdf> (accessed January 7, 2015).

Anderson, Jenny Louise, Rémi Fromentin, Maria Giulio Corbelli, Lars Ostergaard, Anna Laura Ross. 2015. “Progress Towards an HIV Cure: Update from the 2014 International AIDS Society Symposium.” AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 31(1): 36–44.

Broder, Tanya and Jonathan Blazer. 2011. Overview of Immigrant Eligibility for Federal Programs. <http://www.nilc.org/overview-immeligfedprograms.html> (accessed March 13, 2015).
Cannuscio, Carolyn, Camara Jones, Ichiro Kawachi, Graham Colditz, Lisa Berkman, and Eric Rimm. 2002. “Reverberations of Family Illness: A Longitudinal Assessment of Informal Caregiving and Mental Health Status in the Nurses’ Health Study.” American Journal of Public Health 92 (8): 1305–1311.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2011a. “National Estimates and General Information on Diabetes and Prediabetes in the United States.” Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. <http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/pdf/ndfs_2011.pdf> (accessed March 12, 2015).

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2011b. “10 Ways STDs Impact Women Differently from Men.” <http://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/newsroom/docs/STDs-Women-042011.pdf> (accessed February 2, 2015).

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2012. Methodologic Changes in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System in 2011 and Potential Effects on Prevalence Estimates. <http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6122a3.htm> (accessed April 12, 2015).

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2013a. “Leading Causes of Death by Race/Ethnicity, All Females—United States, 2010.” (November 6). <http://www.cdc.gov/women/lcod/2010/WomenRace_2010.pdf> (accessed August 17, 2014).

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2013b. “Cancer Among Women.” (October 24). <http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/dcpc/data/women.htm> (accessed August 17, 2014).

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Division for Heart and Stroke Prevention. 2014a. “Women and Heart Disease Fact Sheet.” <http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fs_women_heart.htm> (accessed April 13, 2015).

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2014b. National Diabetes Statistics Report, 2014. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Diabetes Translation. <http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pdfs/data/2014-report-estimates-of-diabetes-and-its-burden-in-the-united-states.pdf> (accessed April 8, 2015).

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2014c. “Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) – CDC Fact Sheet.” Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. January 27, 2014. <http://www.cdc.gov/std/pid/stdfact-pid-detailed.htm > (accessed August 18, 2014).

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2014d. Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2013. Atlanta, Georgia: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. <http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats13/surv2013-print.pdf> (accessed March 5, 2015).

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2014e. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2013 Codebook Report. <http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/annual_data/2013/pdf/CODEBOOK13_LLCP.pdf> (accessed March 26, 2015).

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2015a. Underlying Cause of Death 1999–2013 on CDC WONDER Online Database, released 2015. Data are from the Multiple Cause of Death Files, 1999–2013, as compiled from data provided by 57 vital statistics jurisdictions through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program. <http://wonder.cdc.gov/ucd-icd10.html> (accessed January 25, 2015).

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Injury Prevention. 2015b. NCHHSTP Atlas Interactive Tool. <http://gis.cdc.gov/GRASP/NCHHSTPAtlas/main.html> (accessed March 12, 2015).

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2015c. “Chlamydia – Women – Reported Cases and Rates by State/Area and Region in Alphabetical Order, United States and Outlying Areas, 2009–2013 <http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats13/tables/4.htm> (accessed March 21, 2015).

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHSTP). Division of STD/HIV Prevention. 2015d. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Morbidity for Selected STDS by Age, Race/Ethnicity, and Gender 1996–2013. CDC WONDER Online Database. <http://wonder.cdc.gov/std-std-race-age.html> (accessed April 13, 2015).

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2015e. IWPR compilation of data from the Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting (WISQARS). <http://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/fatal.html> (accessed February 27, 2015).

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. N.d. Tracking the Hidden Epidemics: Trends in the STD Epidemics in the United States. <http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats98/STD-Trends.pdf> (accessed April 12, 2015).

Center for Mississippi Health Policy. 2012. “Medicaid Expansion: An Overview of Potential Impacts in Mississippi.”<https://www.statereforum.org/sites/default/files/medicaid_expansion_overview_issue_brief_nov_2012.pdf> (accessed February 25, 2015).

Crescioni, Mabel, Yelena Gorina, Linda Bilheimer, and Richard F. Gillum. 2010. “Trends in Health Status and Health Care Use Among Older Men.” National Health Statistics Reports 24. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control. <http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr024.pdf> (accessed December 2, 2014).

Crosby, Alex E., Beth Han, LaVonne A.G. Ortega, Sharyn E. Parks, Joseph Gfroerer. 2011. “Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Among Adults Aged ≥18 Years—United States, 2008–2009.” Surveillance Summaries 60 (SS13): 1–22.

Eaton, Nicholas R., Katherine M. Keyes, Robert F. Krueger, Steve Balsis, Andrew E. Skodol, Kristian E. Markon, Bridget F. Grant, Deborah S. Hasin. 2012. “An Invariant Dimensional Liability Model of Gender Differences in Mental Disorder Prevalence: Evidence From a National Sample.” Journal of Abnormal Psychology 121 (1): 282–288. <http://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/releases/abn-121-1-282.pdf> (accessed August 18, 2014).

Gates, Gary. 2014. “In U.S., LGBT More Likely Than Non-LGBT To Be Uninsured.” Washington, DC: Gallup. <http://www.gallup.com/poll/175445/lgbt-likely-non-lgbt-uninsured.aspx> (accessed March 4, 2015).

Grant, Jaime, Lisa Mottet, and Justin Tanis. 2011. Injustice at Every Turn: A Report of the National Transgender Discrimination Survey. Washington, DC: National Center for Transgender Equality and National Gay and Lesbian Task Force. <http://www.thetaskforce.org/static_html/downloads/reports/reports/ntds_full.pdf> (accessed March 5, 2015).

Haas, Ann P., Philip L. Rodgers, and Jody L. Herman. 2014. Suicide Attempts Among Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming Adults. American Foundation for Suicide Prevention and Williams Institute. <http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/AFSP-Williams-Suicide-Report-Final.pdf> (accessed August 21, 2014).

Hasstedt, Kinsey. 2013. “Toward Equity and Access: Removing Legal Barriers to Health Insurance Coverage for Immigrants.” Guttmacher Policy Review. 16 (1). <http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/gpr/16/1/gpr160102.pdf> (accessed February 24, 2015).

Heflin, C. M. and J. Iceland. 2009. “Poverty, Material Hardship, and Depression.” Social Science Quarterly 90 (5): 1051–1071.

Henley, Jane S., Thomas B. Richards, Michael J. Underwood, Christie R. Eheman, Marcus Plescia, and Timothy A. McAfee. 2014. “Lung Cancer Incidence Trends Among Men and Women — United States, 2005–2009.” Center for Disease Control Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 63 (1): 1–5.

Institute of Medicine. 2011. The Health of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender People: Building a Foundation for Better Understanding. Washington, DC: Institute of Medicine.

Institute for Women’s Policy Research. 2002. The Status of Women in West Virginia. Report #R170. Washington, DC: Institute for Women’s Policy Research.
<http://www.iwpr.org/publications/pubs/the-status-of-women-in-west-virginia-1> (accessed November 14, 2014).

Institute for Women’s Policy Research. 2004. The States of Women in the States. Report #266. Washington, DC: Institute for Women’s Policy Research. <http://www.iwpr.org/publications/pubs/the-status-of-women-in-the-states> (accessed November 14, 2014).

Institute for Women’s Policy Research. 2015b. IWPR analysis of Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System microdata. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013 Survey Results.

Institute for Women’s Policy Research. 2015c. IWPR analysis of Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System microdata. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011–2013 Survey Results.

Jose, Powell O., Ariel T.H. Frank, Kristopher I. Kapphahn, Benjamin A. Goldstein, Karen Eggleston, and Katherine G. Hastings. 2014. “Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Asian Americans.” Journal of the American College of Cardiology 64 (23): 2486–94.

Kaiser Family Foundation. 2013b. “Medicare’s Role for Older Women.” <http://kff.org/womens-health-policy/fact-sheet/medicares-role-for-older-women/> (accessed November 22, 2014).

Kaiser Family Foundation. 2014a. “Women and HIV/AIDS in the United States.” Washington, DC. <http://kff.org/hivaids/fact-sheet/women-and-hivaids-in-the-united-states/> (accessed August 20, 2014).

Kaiser Family Foundation. 2014b. “Status of State Action on the Medicaid Expansion Decision.” <http://kff.org/health-reform/state-indicator/state-activity-around-expanding-medicaid-under-the-affordable-care-act/> (accessed November 16, 2014).

Kann, Laura, Emily O’Malley Olsen, Tim McManus, Steve Kinchen, David Chyen, William A. Harris, and Howell Wechsler. 2011. Sexual Identity, Sex of Sexual Contacts, and Health-Risk Behaviors Among Students in Grades 9–12 —Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance, Selected Sites, United States, 2001–2009. Atlanta, GA: Office of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Center for Disease Control and Prevention. <http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/ss/ss60e0606.pdf> (accessed March 4, 2015).

Kullgren, Jeffrey T., Catherine G. McLaughlin, Nandita Mitra, and Katrina Armstrong. 2012. “Nonfinancial Barriers and Access to Care for U.S. Adults.” Health Services Research 47 (1): 462–485.

Lambda Legal. 2010. When Health Care Isn’t Caring: Lambda Legal’s Survey of Discrimination Against LGBT People and People with HIV. <http://www.lambdalegal.org/sites/default/files/publications/downloads/whcic-report_when-health-care-isnt-caring.pdf> (accessed March 8, 2015).

Lick, David, Laura Durso, Kerri Johnson. 2013. “Minority Stress and Physical Health Among Sexual Minorities.” Perspectives on Psychological Science 8 (5): 521–548.

Livingston, Gretchen. 2014. Four-in-Ten Couples Are Saying ‘I Do,’ Again. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center. <http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/files/2014/11/2014-11-14_remarriage-final.pdf> (accessed April 20, 2015).

Martinez, Michael E. and Robin A. Cohen. 2009. Health Insurance Coverage: Early Release of Estimates from the National Health Interview Survey, January–September 2008. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. <http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhis/earlyrelease/insur200903.pdf> (accessed April 2, 2015).

Martinez, Michael E. and Robin A. Cohen. 2015. Health Insurance Coverage: Early Release of Estimates from the National Health Interview Survey, January–September 2014. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. <http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhis/earlyrelease/insur201503.pdf> (accessed April 2, 2015).

McIntosh, J. L., and C.W. Drapeau. 2014. “U.S.A. Suicide 2011: Official Final Data.” Washington, DC: American Association of Suicidology. <http://www.suicidology.org/Portals/14/docs/Resources/FactSheets/2011OverallData.pdf> (accessed August 22, 2014).

National Immigration Law Center. 2014. “Immigrants and the Affordable Care Act.” <http://www.nilc.org/document.html?id=157> (accessed March 19, 2015).

National Partnership for Women and Families. 2012. “Why the Affordable Care Act Matters for Women: Improving Health Care for Older Women.” Washington, DC: National Partnership for Women and Families. <http://go.nationalpartnership.org/site/DocServer/OLDER_WOMEN.pdf?docID=10004> (accessed December 1, 2014).

National Women’s Law Center. 2014. States Must Close the Gap. <http://www.nwlc.org/resource/states-must-close-gap-low-income-women-need-health-insurance> (accessed November 16, 2014).

Ranji, Usha, Adara Beamesderfer, Jen Kates, and Alina Salganicoff. 2014. Health and Access to Care and Coverage for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Individuals in the U.S. Washington, DC: The Henry J. Kaiser Foundation. <http://files.kff.org/attachment/issue-brief-health-and-access-to-care-and-coverage-for-lgbt-individuals-in-the-u-s-2> (accessed March 4, 2015).

Rees, Susan, Derrick Silove, Tien Chey, Lorraine Ivancic, Zachary Steel, Mark Creamer, Maree Teesson, Richard Bryant, Alexander McFarlane, Katherine Mills, Tim Slade, Natacha Carragher, Meaghan O’Donnell, and David Forbes. 2011. “Lifetime Prevalence of Gender-Based Violence in Women and the Relationship with Mental Disorders and Psychosocial Function.” Journal of the American Medical Association 306 (5): 513–521.

Robinson, Kristen. 2007. “Trends in Health Status and Health Care Use Among Older Women.” Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. <http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/ahcd/agingtrends/07olderwomen.pdf> (accessed December 1, 2014).

Ruggles, Steven J., Trent Alexander, Katie Genadek, Ronald Goeken, Matthew B. Schroeder, and Matthew Sobek. 2010. Integrated Public Use Microdata Series: Version 5.0 [Machine-readable database]. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota.

U.S. Census Bureau. 2012. “Expectation of Life at Birth, 1970 to 2008, and Projections, 2010 to 2020.” In Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012 (131st Edition). Washington, DC. <http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2012/tables/12s0105.pdf> (accessed December 1, 2014).

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. National Institutes of Health. 2012a. “Gender-Specific Health Challenges Facing Women.” <http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/womensHealth/Pages/diseases.aspx> (accessed March 5, 2015).

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2012b. “Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act; Establishment of Exchanges and Qualified Health Plans; Exchange Standards for Employers.” Washington, DC: Department of Health and Human Services. <http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-03-27/pdf/2012-6125.pdf> (accessed March 5, 2015).

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2014. “How Does Heart Disease Affect Women?” (April 21). <http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/hdw/> (accessed August 17, 2014).

U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. 2013. “Screening for HIV: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.” Annals of Internal Medicine 59 (1): 51–60.
Ward, Brian, James Dahlhamer, Adena Galinsky, and Sarah Joestl. 2014. Sexual Orientation and Health Among U.S. Adults: National Health Interview Survey, 2013. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, Center for Disease Control and Prevention. <http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr077.pdf> (accessed March 4, 2015).

Williams, David R. 1999. “Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Health: The Added Effects of Racism and Discrimination.” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 896: 173–88.

World Health Organization. Commission on the Social Determinants of Health. 2008. Closing the Gap: Health Equity through Action on the Social Determinants of Health. <http://www.who.int/social_determinants/thecommission/finalreport/en/> (accessed March 5, 2012).

Reproductive Rights

American Society for Emergency Contraception. 2014. EC on the Shelf: Real-World Access in the OTC Era. <http://www.americansocietyforec.org> (accessed April 28, 2015).

Armstrong, Erin. 2013. “Medical Management and Access to Contraception.” National Health Law Program. <http://www.healthlaw.org/about/staff/erin-armstrong/all-publications/medical-management-and-access-to-contraception#.VTlLDZNuNSA> (accessed April 22, 2015).

Asetoyer, Charon, Mia Luluquisen, and Natalie Millis. 2009. Indigenous Women’s Roundtable Report on the Availability of Plan B® and Emergency Contraceptives Within Indian Health Service. Lake Andes, SD: Native American Women’s Health Education Resource Center. <http://www.nativeshop.org/images/stories/media/pdfs/_RoundtableofEC_PlanBintheIHSER2009.pd> (accessed August 29, 2014).

Boonstra, Heather D. 2013. “Insurance Coverage of Abortion: Beyond the Exceptions for Life Endangerment, Rape and Incest.” Guttmacher Policy Review 16 (3).

<http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/gpr/16/3/gpr160302.html> (accessed May 4, 2015).

Breiding, Matthew J., Sharon G. Smith Kathleen C. Basile, Mikel L. Walters, Jieru Chen, and Melissa T. Merrick. 2014. Prevalence and Characteristics of Sexual Violence, Stalking, and Intimate Partner Violence Victimization - National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, United States, 2011. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Surveillance Summaries 63: 8. Atlanta, GA: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

<http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/ss/ss6308.pdf> (accessed February 15, 2015).

Buckles, Kasey. 2008. “Understanding the Returns to Delayed Childbearing for Working Women.” The American Economic Review 98 (2): 403–407.

Burke, Amy and Adelle Simmons. 2014. Increased Coverage of Preventive Services with Zero Cost Sharing Under the Affordable Care Act. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation. <http://aspe.hhs.gov/health/reports/2014/preventiveservices/ib_preventiveservices.pdf> (accessed March 18, 2015).

Center for Reproductive Rights. 2012. The Contraception Controversy: A Comprehensive Reply. <http://www.reproductiverights.org/sites/crr.civicactions.net/files/documents/crr_Contraception_Controversy_041012.PDF> (accessed August 29, 2014).

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2012. “Pregnancy Nutrition Surveillance System Table 10D: Maternal Behavioral Indicators by Race/Ethnicity, Age, or Education.” <http://www.cdc.gov/pednss/pnss_tables/pdf/national_table10.pdf> (accessed December 9, 2014).

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Health Statistics. 2013. “User Guide to the 2012 Period Linked Birth/Infant Death and Public Use File.” <ftp://ftp.cdc.gov/pub/Health_Statistics/NCHS/Dataset_Documentation/DVS/periodlinked/LinkPE12Guide.pdf> (accessed December 9, 2014).

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Health Statistics. 2014. “Deaths: Final Data for 2012 Detailed Tables.” National Vital Statistics Reports 63 (9). Hyattsville, MD: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. <http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr63/nvsr63_09.pdf> (accessed March 9, 2015).

Child Trends Databank. 2014. Late or No Prenatal Care: Indicators on Children and Youth. Bethesda, MD: Child Trends. <http://www.childtrends.org/?indicators=late-or-no-prenatal-care> (accessed January 13, 2015).

Cohn, D’Vera, Jeffrey S. Passel, Wendy Wang, and Gretchen Livingston. 2011 Barely Half of U.S. Adults Are Married – A Record Low. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center. <http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/files/2011/12/Marriage-Decline.pdf> (accessed January 15, 2015).

Cooper, Leslie and Paul Cates. 2006. Too High a Price: The Case Against Restricting Gay Parenting. New York, NY: American Civil Liberties Union. <https://www.aclu.org/files/images/asset_upload_file480_27496.pdf> (accessed March 31, 2015).

Daniels, Kimberly, Jo Jones, and Joyce Abma. 2013. “Use of Emergency Contraception Among Women Aged 15–44: United States, 2006–2010.” National Center for Health Statistics Data Brief #112. Hyattsville, MD: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics <http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db112.pdf> (accessed April 23, 2015).

Douglas, Kirby. 2007. Emerging Answers 2007: Research Findings on Programs to Reduce Teen Pregnancy and Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Washington, DC: The National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy. <https://thenationalcampaign.org/sites/default/files/resource-primary-download/EA2007_full_0.pdf> (accessed March 5, 2015).

Dreweke, Joerg. 2014. “Contraception Is Not Abortion: The Strategic Campaign of Antiabortion Groups to Persuade the Public Otherwise.” Guttmacher Institute Policy Review 17 (4). Washington, DC: Guttmacher Institute. <http://www.Guttmacher Institute.org/pubs/gpr/17/4/gpr170414.html> (accessed September 9, 2014).

Freedom to Marry. 2015. “States.” <http://www.freedomtomarry.org/states/> (accessed March 31, 2015).

Gates, Gary. 2015. “Demographics of Married and Unmarried Same-sex Couples: Analyses of the 2013 American Community Survey.” Los Angeles, California: the Williams Institute at UCLA School of Law. <http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/Demographics-Same-Sex-Couples-ACS2013-March-2015.pdf> (accessed March 29, 2015).

Gattozzi, Ellen. 2008. Indigenous Women’s A Survey of the Availability of Plan B® and Emergency Contraceptives Within Indian Health Service. Lake Andes, SD: Native American Women’s Health Education Resource Center. <http://www.nativeshop.org/images/stories/media/pdfs/SurveyofEC_PlanBintheIHSER2008.pdf> (accessed August 29, 2014).

Gault, Barbara, Lindsey Reichlin, and Stephanie Román. 2014. College Affordability for Low-Income Adults: Improving Returns on Investment for Families and Society. Report #C412. Washington, DC: Institute for Women’s Policy Research. <http://www.iwpr.org/publications/pubs/college-affordability-for-low-income-adults-improving-returns-on-investment-for-families-and-society> (accessed April 21, 2015).

Guttmacher Institute. 2004a. “Parental Involvement in Minors’ Abortions.” Washington, DC: Guttmacher Institute.

Guttmacher Institute. 2004b. “State Funding of Abortion Under Medicaid.” Washington, DC: Guttmacher Institute.

Guttmacher Institute. 2004c. “State Sex and STD/HIV Education Policy.” Washington, DC: Guttmacher Institute.

Guttmacher Institute. 2014. State Data Center. “Table: Percentage of Women Aged 15–44 Living in a County Without an Abortion Provider, 2011.” <http://www.guttmacher.org/datacenter/servlet/CreateTable?action=doTable> (accessed August 29, 2014).

Guttmacher Institute. 2015a. “Trends in the States: First Quarter 2015.” <http:// www.guttmacher.org /media/inthenews/2015/04/02/index.html> (accessed April 11, 2015).

Guttmacher Institute. 2015b. “An Overview of Abortion Laws.”<http:// www.guttmacher.org /statecenter/spibs/spib_OAL.pdf> (accessed March 2, 2015).

Guttmacher Institute. 2015c. “Insurance Coverage of Contraceptives.”<http:// www.guttmacher.org /statecenter/spibs/spib_ICC.pdf> (accessed March 2, 2015).

Guttmacher Institute. 2015d. “Emergency Contraception.” <http:// www.guttmacher.org /statecenter/spibs/spib_EC.pdf> (accessed April 22, 2015).

Guttmacher Institute. 2015e. “Medicaid Family Planning Eligibility Expansions.” <http:// www.guttmacher.org /statecenter/spibs/spib_SMFPE.pdf> (accessed April 23, 2015).

Guttmacher Institute. 2015f. “Sex and HIV Education.”<http:// www.guttmacher.org /statecenter/spibs/spib_SE.pdf> (accessed March 2, 2015).

Hamilton, Brady E. Joyce A. Martin, Michelle J.K. Osterman, Sally C. Curtin, and T.J. Mathews. 2014. “Births: Preliminary Data for 2013.” National Vital Statistics Reports 63 (2). Hyattsville, MD: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. <http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr63/nvsr63_02.pdf> (accessed March 9, 2015).

Hock, Heinrich. 2007. The Pill and the College Attainment of American Women and Men. Tallahassee, FL: Florida State University. <ftp://econpapers.fsu.edu/RePEc/fsu/wpaper/wp2007_10_01.pdf> (accessed April 16, 2015).

Kaiser Family Foundation. 2014a. “State Health Facts: Mandated Coverage of Infertility Treatment.” <http://kff.org/womens-health-policy/state-indicator/infertility-coverage/#> (accessed December 20, 2014).

Kaiser Family Foundation. 2014b. “State Funding of Abortions Under Medicaid.” <http://kff.org/medicaid/state-indicator/abortion-under-medicaid/> (accessed April 1, 2015).

Kaiser Family Foundation. 2014c. “Emergency Contraception.” <http://kff.org/womens-health-policy/fact-sheet/emergency-contraception/> (accessed April 22, 2015).

Kaiser Family Foundation. 2015. “Status of State Action on the Medicaid Expansion Decision.” <http://kff.org/health-reform/state-indicator/state-activity-around-expanding-medicaid-under-the-affordable-care-act/> (accessed February 26, 2015).

Kingfisher, Pamela, Charon Asetoyer, and Rolene Provost. 2012. Indigenous Women’s Dialogue: Roundtable Report on the Accessbility of Plan B® as an Over the Counter (OTC) within Indian Health Service. Lake Andes, SD: Native American Women’s Health Education Resource Center, <http://www.nativeshop.org/images/stories/media/pdfs/Plan-B-Report.pdf> (accessed March 29, 2015).

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Martinez, Michael E. and Robin A. Cohen. 2009. Health Insurance Coverage: Early Release of Estimates from the National Health Interview Survey, January-September 2008. Hyattsville, MD: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. <http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhis/earlyrelease/insur200903.pdf> (accessed April 2, 2015).

Martinez, Michael E. and Robin A. Cohen. 2015. Health Insurance Coverage: Early Release of Estimates from the National Health Interview Survey, January–September 2014. Hyattsville, MD: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. <http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhis/earlyrelease/insur201503.pdf> (accessed April 2, 2015).

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Miller, Amalia R. 2011. “The Effects of Motherhood Timing on Career Path.” Journal of Population Economics 24 (3): 1071–1100.

Movement Advancement Project, Family Equality Council, and Center for American Progress. 2011. “All Children Matter: How Legal and Social Inequalities Hurt LGBT Families.”<http://www.lgbtmap.org/file/all-children-matter-full-report.pdf> (accessed March 5, 2015).

Movement Advancement Project, Family Equality Council, and Center for American Progress. 2012. “Securing Legal Ties for Children Living in LGBT Families: A State Strategy and Policy Guide.” <http://www.lgbtmap.org/file/securing-legal-ties.pdf> (accessed March 5, 2015).

Movement Advancement Project. 2015. “Foster and Adoption Laws.” Denver, Colorado: Movement Advancement Project. <http://www.lgbtmap.org/equality-maps/foster_and_adoption_laws> (accessed March 31, 2015).

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National Women’s Law Center. 2014a. “2013 State Level Abortion Restrictions: An Extreme Overreach into Women’s Reproductive Health Care.” Washington, DC: National Women’s Law Center. <http://www.nwlc.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/2013_state_legislation_factsheet_1-27-14.pdf> (January 20, 2015).

National Women’s Law Center. 2014b. “2014 State Level Abortion Restrictions at Mid-Year: An Extreme Overreach into Women’s Reproductive Health Care.” Washington, DC: National Women’s Law Center. <http://www.nwlc.org/sites/default/file/pdfs/2014_state_abortion_legislation_factsheet_1.22.15v2.pdf > (January 20, 2015).

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Violence & Safety

A Better Balance. 2015. “Overview of Paid Sick Time Laws in the United States.” <http://www.abetterbalance.org/web/images/stories/Documents/sickdays/factsheet/PSDchart.pdf> (accessed February 20, 2015).

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American Bar Association Commission on Domestic & Sexual Violence. 2014. “Domestic Violence Civil Protection Orders (CPOs).” <http://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/administrative/domestic_violence1/Resources/statutorysummarycharts/2014%20CPO%20Availability%20Chart.authcheckdam.pdf> (accessed December 1, 2014).

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Committee on Health Care for Underserved Women. 2013. Reproductive and Sexual Coercion. Washington, DC: The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Women’s Health Care Physicians. <http://www.acog.org/Resources-And-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Health-Care-for-Underserved-Women/Reproductive-and-Sexual-Coercion> (accessed March 31, 2015).

American Council on Education. 2014. “New Requirements Imposed by the Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act.” Washington, DC: American Council on Education. <http://www.acenet.edu/news-room/Documents/VAWA-Summary.pdf> (accessed April 3, 2015).

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Bachman, Ronet, Heather Zaykowski, Rachel Kallmyer, Margarita Poteyeva, and Christina Lanier. 2008. Violence Against American Indian and Alaska Native Women and the Criminal Justice Response: What is Known. NIJ 223691. <https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/223691.pdf> (accessed April 15, 2015).

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Blaauw, Eric, Frans W. Winkel, Ella Arensman, Lorraine Sheridan, and Adrienne Freeve. 2002. “The Toll of Stalking The Relationship Between Features of Stalking and Psychopathology of Victims.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 17 (1): 50–63.

Black, Michele C., Kathleen C. Basile, Mathew J. Breiding, Sharon.G.,Smith, Mikel L. Walters, Melissa T. Merrick, Jieru Chen, and Mark R. Stevens. 2011. The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS): 2010 Summary Report. Atlanta, GA: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. <http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/nisvs_report2010-a.pdf> (accessed February 11, 2015).

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Break the Cycle. 2010. 2010 State Law Report Cards: A National Survey of Teen Dating Violence Laws. Washington, DC: Break the Cycle. <http://www.breakthecycle.org/sites/default/files/pdf/2010-Dating-Violence-State-Law-Report-Card-Full-Report.pdf> (accessed March 8, 2013).

Brewster, Mary P. 1999. An Exploration of the Experiences and Needs of Former Intimate Stalking Victims. Final report submitted to the National Institute of Justice. West Chester, PA: West Chester University. <https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/175475.pdf> (accessed February 19, 2015).

Bruch, Carol S. 2002. “Parental Alienation Syndrome and Parental Alienation: Getting It Wrong in Child Custody Cases.” Child and Family Law Quarterly 14: 381–400.

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Davis, Michael S., Chris O’Sullivan, Kim Susser, and Marjory D. Fields. 2011. Custody Evaluations When There Are Allegations of Domestic Violence: Practices, Beliefs, and Recommendations of Professional Evaluators. NCJRS 234465. Final Report submitted to the National Institute of Justice. <https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/234465.pdf> (accessed April 4, 2015).

Decker, Michele R, Jay G. Silverman, and Anita. Raj. 2005. “Dating Violence and Sexually Transmitted Disease/HIV Testing and Diagnosis among Adolescent Females.” Pediatrics (116): 272–276.

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Eigenberg, Helen, Karen McGuffee, Phyllis Berry, and William H. Hall. 2003. “Protective Order Legislation: Trends in State Statutes.” Journal of Criminal Justice 31: 411–422.

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Gates, Gary. 2014. “LGBT Demographics: Comparisons Among Population-based Surveys.” Los Angeles, California: Williams Institute, UCLA School of Law. <http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/lgbt-demogs-sep-2014.pdf> (accessed March 13, 2015).

Gerney, Arkadi and Chelsea Parsons. 2014. Women Under the Gun: How Gun Violence Affects Women and 4 Policy Solutions to Better Protect Them. Washington, DC: Center for American Progress. <https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/guns-crime/report/2014/06/18/91998/women-under-the-gun/> (accessed January 13, 2015).

Goldfarb, Sally F. 2008. “Reconceiving Civil Protection Orders for Domestic Violence: Can Law Help End the Abuse Without Ending the Relationship.” Cardozo Law Review 29 (4): 1487–1551.

Golding, Jacqueline M. 1999. “Intimate Partner Violence as a Risk Factor for Mental Disorders: A Meta-Analysis.” Journal of Family Violence 14 (2): 99–132.

Greenfeld, Lawrence A. and Steven K. Smith. 1999. American Indians and Crime. NCJ 173386. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. <bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/aic.pdf> (accessed April 15, 2015).

Haselschwerdt, Megan L., Jennifer L. Hardesty, and, Jason D. Hans. 2011. “Custody Evaluators’ Beliefs about Domestic Violence Allegations During Divorce: Feminist and Family Violence Perspectives.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 26 (8): 1694–1719.

Holt, Victoria L., Mary A. Kernic, Marsha E. Wolf, and Frederick P. Rivara. 2003. “Do Protection Orders Affect the Likelihood of Future Partner Violence and Injury?” American Journal of Preventive Medicine 24 (1): 16–21.

Huffington Post. (August 27, 2013). “Workplace Sexual Harassment Poll Finds Large Share of Workers Suffer, Don’t Report.” Jillian Berman and Emily Swanson. <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/08/27/workplace-sexual-harassment-poll_n_3823671.html> (accessed April 26, 2015).

Institute for Women’s Policy Research. 2014. IWPR analysis of data from the 2013 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. <http://nccd.cdc.gov/youthonline/wp-content/Default.aspx> (accessed December 11, 2014).

Institute for Women’s Policy Research. 2015. IWPR calculations based on the 2011–2013 National Crime Victimization Survey.

Kingkade, Tyler. 2015. “List of 94 Postsecondary Institutions That Have Pending Title IX Sexual Violence Investigations.” <http://www.scribd.com/doc/251988486/List-of-94-Postsecondary-Institutions-That-Have-Pending-Title-IX-Sexual-Violence-Investigations#scribd> (accessed April 14, 2015).

Klein, Andrew, Terri Tobin, Amy Salomon, and Janice Dubois. 2008. A Statewide Profile of Abuse of Older Women and the Criminal Justice Response. NCJRS 222459. <http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/222459.pdf> (February 11, 2015).

Klein, Andrew, Amy Salomon, Nick Huntington, Janice Dubois, and Denise Lang. 2009. A Statewide Study of Stalking and Its Criminal Justice Response. <https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/228354.pdf> (February 11, 2015).

Ko, Carolyn N. 2002. “Civil Restraining Orders for Domestic Violence: The Unresolved Question of Efficacy.” Southern California Interdisciplinary Law Journal 11: 361–367. <http://www-bcf.usc.edu/~idjlaw/PDF/11-2/11-2%20Ko.pdf> (accessed March 2, 2015).

Kosciw, Joseph G., Emily A. Greytak, Neal A. Palmer, and Madelyn J. Boesen. 2014. The 2013 National School Climate Survey. Washington, DC: The Gay, Lesbian & Straight Education Network. <http://glsen.org/nscs> (accessed February 9, 2015).

Kothari, Catherine L., Karin V. Rhodes, James A. Wiley, Jeffrey Fink, Scott Overholt, Melissa E. Dichter, Steven C. Marcus, and Catherine Cerulli. 2012. “Protection Orders Protect Against Assault and Injury: A Longitudinal Study of Police-Involved Women Victims of Intimate Partner Violence.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 27 (14): 2845–2868.

Krebs, Christopher, Christine Lindquist, Tara Warner, Bonnie Fisher, Sandra Martin. 2007. The Campus Sexual Assault (CSA) Study. NCJRS 221153. <https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/221153.pdf> (accessed April 3, 2015).

Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence. 2013. “Universal Background Checks and the Private Sale Loophole Policy Summary.” <http://smartgunlaws.org/universal-gun-background-checks-policy-summary/> (accessed February 8, 2015).

Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence. 2014. “Domestic Violence & Firearms Policy Summary.” <http://smartgunlaws.org/domestic-violence-firearms-policy-summary/#state> (accessed December 4, 2014).

Leadership Council. 2008. “How Many Children Are Court-Ordered Into Unsupervised Contact With an Abusive Parent After Divorce?” Baltimore, MD: Leadership Council. <http://www.leadershipcouncil.org/1/med/PR3.html> (accessed April 3, 2015).

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Legal Momentum. 2014b. State Law Guide: Unemployment Insurance Benefits for Victims of Domestic & Sexual Violence. Washington, DC: Legal Momentum. <http://www.legalmomentum.org/resources/state-law-guide-unemployment-benefits-victims-domestic-or-sexual-violence#sthash.5eZoRvk0.dpuf> (accessed February 11, 2015)

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U.S. Department of Labor. 2015. “Employment Protections for Workers Who Are Pregnant or Nursing.” Washington, DC: Department of Labor. <http://www.dol.gov/wb/maps/> (accessed March 26, 2015).

U.S. Department of Labor, Wage and Hours Division. 2015a. “Fact Sheet: Final Rule to Amend the Definition of Spouse in the Family and Medical Leave Act Regulations.” Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Labor. <http://www.dol.gov/whd/fmla/spouse/factsheet.pdf> (accessed March 26, 2015).

U.S. Department of Labor, Wage and Hours Division. 2015b. “Break Time for Nursing Mothers.” Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Labor. <http://www.dol.gov/whd/nursingmothers/> (accessed March 26, 2015).

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Victora, Cesar G., Bernardo Lessa Horta, Christian Loret de Mola, Luciana Quevedo, Ricardo Tavares Pinheiro, Denise P. Gigante, Helen Gonçalves, and Fernando C. Barros. 2015. “Association Between Breastfeeding and Intelligence, Educational Attainment, and Income at 30 Years of Age: A Prospective Birth Cohort Study from Brazil.” The Lancet Global Health 3 (4): 199-205.

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Yoshikawa, Hirokazu, Christina Weiland, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, Margaret R. Burchinal, Linda M. Espinosa, William T. Gormley, Jens Ludwig, Katherine A. Magnuson, Deborah Phillips, and Martha J. Zaslow. 2013. “Investing in Our Future: The Evidence Base on Preschool Education.” New York: Foundation for Child Development. <http://fcd-us.org/sites/default/files/Evidence%20Base%20on%20Preschool%20Education%20FINAL.pdf> (accessed March 23, 2015).

Political Participation

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Alvarez, R. Michael, Delia Bailey, and Jonathan N. Katz. 2007. “The Effect of Voter Identification Laws on Turnout.” Social Science Working Paper #1269. Pasadena, CA: California Institute of Technology Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences. <http://brennan.3cdn.net/c267529e2bb704e85d_u0m6ib08s.pdf> (accessed August 28, 2014).

Baer, Denise L. and Heidi I. Hartmann. 2014. Building Women’s Political Careers: Strengthening the Pipeline to Higher Office. Report #I926. Washington, DC: Institute for Women’s Policy Research. <http://www.iwpr.org/publications/pubs/building-women2019s-political-careers-strengthening-the-pipeline-to-higher-office> (accessed July 28, 2014).

Brennan Center for Social Justice. 2006. Citizens Without Proof: A Survey of Americans’ Possession of Documentary Proof of Citizenship and Photo Identification. New York, NY: Brennan Center for Justice at New York University School of Law. <http://www.brennancenter.org/sites/default/files/legacy/d/download_file_39242.pdf> (accessed August 28, 2014).

Caiazza, Amy. 2007. I Knew I Could Do This Work: Seven Strategies That Promote Women’s Activism and Leadership in Unions. Report #I917. Washington, DC: Institute for Women’s Policy Research. <http://www.iwpr.org/publications/pubs/i-knew-i-could-do-this-work-seven-strategies-that-promote-women2019s-activism-and-leadership-in-unions/at_download/file> (accessed April 9, 2015).

Carroll, Susan J. and Kira Sanbonmatsu. 2013. More Women Can Run: Gender and Pathways to the State Legislatures. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

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Center for American Women and Politics. 2014. “Women’s PACs and Donor Networks: A Contact List.” New Brunswick, NJ: Center for American Women and Politics. <http://www.cawp.rutgers.edu/education_training/resources/documents/pacs.pdf> (accessed March 24, 2015).

Center for American Women and Politics. 2015a. “Women in Elective Office 2015.” New Brunswick, NJ: Center for American Women and Politics. <http://www.cawp.rutgers.edu/fast_facts/levels_of_office/documents/elective.pdf> (accessed March 17, 2015).

Center for American Women and Politics. 2015b. Data on available statewide elected executive offices provided by the Center for American Women and Politics, email communication on February 4, 2015.

Center for American Women and Politics. 2015c. “Gender Differences in Voter Turnout.” New Brunswick, NJ: Center for American Women and Politics. <http://www.cawp.rutgers.edu/fast_facts/voters/documents/genderdiff.pdf> (accessed March 17, 2015).

Center for American Women and Politics. 2015d. “Women of Color in Elective Office 2015.” New Brunswick, NJ: Center for American Women and Politics. <http://www.cawp.rutgers.edu/fast_facts/levels_of_office/documents/color.pdf> (accessed March 17, 2015).

Center for American Women and Politics. 2015e. Data on women of color in state legislatures, 2015 provided by the Center for American Women and Politics, email communication on February 11, 2015.

Center for American Women and Politics. 2015f. “Women in the U.S. Senate 1922–2015.” New Brunswick, NJ: Center for American Women and Politics. <http://www.cawp.rutgers.edu/fast_facts/levels_of_office/documents/senate.pdf> (accessed March 17, 2015).

Center for American Women and Politics. 2015g. “Women in the U.S. House of Representatives.” New Brunswick, NJ: Center for American Women and Politics. <http://www.cawp.rutgers.edu/fast_facts/levels_of_office/documents/house.pdf> (accessed March 17, 2015).

Center for American Women and Politics. 2015h. “Women in Statewide Elective Executive Office 2015.” New Brunswick, NJ: Center for American Women and Politics. <http://www.cawp.rutgers.edu/fast_facts/levels_of_office/Statewide-Current.php> (accessed March 17, 2015).

Center for American Women and Politics. 2015i. “Women in State Legislatures 2015.” New Brunswick, NJ: Center for American Women and Politics. <http://www.cawp.rutgers.edu/fast_facts/levels_of_office/documents/stleg.pdf> (accessed March 17, 2015).

Center for American Women and Politics. 2015j. “Women in the U.S. Congress.” New Brunswick, NJ: Center for American Women and Politics. <http://www.cawp.rutgers.edu/fast_facts/levels_of_office/documents/cong.pdf> (accessed March 17, 2015).

Center for American Women and Politics. 2015k. “History of Women Governors.” New Brunswick, NJ: Center for American Women and Politics. <http://www.cawp.rutgers.edu/fast_facts/levels_of_office/documents/govhistory.pdf> (March 19, 2015).

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Center for American Women and Politics. 2015n. “Statewide Elective Executive Women 2004.” <http://www.cawp.rutgers.edu/fast_facts/levels_of_office/documents/stwide04.pdf> (accessed May 8, 2015).

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Goetz, Anne Marie. 2007. “Political Cleaners: Are Women the New Agents of Anti-Corruption?” Development and Change 38 (1): 87–105.

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Cambridge, MA: Hunt Alternatives. <http://www.politicalparity.org/research/shifting-gears/>
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Institute for Women’s Policy Research. 2015a. IWPR calculations based on data from the Center for American Women and Politics, Women in the U.S. Congress 2015. <http://www.cawp.rutgers.edu/fast_facts/levels_of_office/documents/cong.pdf> (accessed April 28, 2015).

Institute for Women’s Policy Research. 2015b. IWPR analysis of data from the 2013 American Community Survey based on Steven, J. Ruggles, Trent Alexander, Katie Genadek, Ronald Goeken, Matthew B. Schroeder, and Matthew Sobek. Integrated Public Use Microdata Series: Version 5.0 [Machine-readable database]. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota, 2010. et al., Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (Integrated Public Use Microdata Series, Version 5.0).

Institute for Women’s Policy Research. 2015c. Status of Women in the States: Employment and Earnings. Report #R401. Washington, DC. <http://www.iwpr.org/publications/pubs/the-status-of-women-in-the-states-2015-2014-employment-and-earnings> (accessed April 9, 2015).

Institute for Women’s Policy Research. 2015d. Status of Women in the States 2015: Poverty and Opportunity. Report #R402. Washington, DC. <http://statusofwomendata.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/PO-Chapter-4.7.2015.pdf> (accessed April 9, 2015).

Keysar, Alexandar. 2012. “Voter Suppression Returns: Voting Rights and Partisan Practices.” <http://wcfia.harvard.edu/publications/voter-suppression-returns-voting-rights-and-partisan-practices> (accessed August 1, 2014).

Lachman, Samantha. 2015. “With Universal Voter Registration Bill, Oregon Dems Seek to Emulate Canada.” Huffington Post. <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/05/oregon-voter-registration_n_6623702.html> (accessed March 21, 2015).

Lake Research Partners. 2010. “Name It. Change It.” Washington, DC: Lake Research Partners. <http://www.lakeresearch.com/news/NameItChangeIt/NameItChangeIt.pres.pdf> (accessed April 7, 2015).

Lawless, Jennifer L., and Richard L. Fox. 2012. Men Rule: The Continued Under-Representation of Women in U.S. Politics. <https://www.american.edu/spa/wpi/upload/2012-Men-Rule-Report-web.pdf> (accessed April 10, 2015).

Lawless, Jennifer L., and Richard L. Fox. 2010. It Still Takes a Candidate: Why Women Don’t Run for Office. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Lawless, Jennifer L., and Richard L. Fox. 2008. “Why Are Women Still Not Running for Public Office?” Issues in Governance Studies 16 (May): 1–20.

Mycoff, Jason D., Michael W. Wagner, and David C. Wilson. 2009. “The Empirical Effects of Voter-ID Laws: Present or Absent?” <http://www.brennancenter.org/sites/default/files/legacy/Democracy/VRE/Mycoff%20et%20al.pdf> (accessed May 8, 2015).

National Conference of State Legislatures. 2014a. “History of Voter ID.” <http://www.ncsl.org/research/elections-and-campaigns/voter-id-history.aspx> (accessed March 19, 2015).

National Conference of State Legislatures. 2014b. “Voter Identification Requirements/Voter ID Laws.” <http://www.ncsl.org/research/elections-and-campaigns/voter-id.aspx> (accessed August 1, 2014).

National Conference of State Legislatures. 2014c. “Women’s Caucuses, Commissions, and Committees.” <http://www.ncsl.org/legislators-staff/legislators/womens-legislative-network/womens-legislative-caucuses-and-committees.aspx> (accessed December 1, 2014).

National Conference of State Legislatures. 2015. “Same-Day Voter Registration.” <http://www.ncsl.org/research/elections-and-campaigns/same-day-registration.aspx> (accessed March 19, 2015).

National Governors Association. 2015. “Former Governor’s Bios.” <http://www.nga.org/cms/FormerGovBios?inOffice=Any&state=Any&party=&lastName=&firstName=&nbrterms=Any&biography=&sex=Any&religion=&race=Any&college=&higherOfficesServed=&militaryService=&warsServed=&honors=&birthState=Any&submit=Search#results> (accessed May 5, 2015).

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Strimling, Wendy S. 1986. Elected Women Organize: Statewide Associations. New Brunswick, NJ: Center for American Women and Politics. <http://www.cawp.rutgers.edu/research/topics/documents/ElectedWomenOrganize.pdf> (accessed July 25, 2014).

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