| State-by-State Data on Women and Unions |
|
|
Share of Women Workers Who Are Union Members or Covered by a Union Contract
|
Share of Union Workers Who Are Women
|
Median Weekly Earnings for Full-Time Wage and Salary Women Workers
|
Union Wage Advantage
|
Union Wage Advantage
|
Right-to- Work
|
State
|
Percent
|
Percent
|
Union
|
Nonunion
|
Dollars
|
Percent
|
|
Alabama
|
10.7%
|
46.6%
|
$825
|
$618
|
$207
|
33.5%
|
Yes
|
Alaska
|
23.5%
|
46.2%
|
$935
|
$728
|
$207
|
28.4%
|
No
|
Arizona
|
5.6%
|
40.0%
|
$867
|
$691
|
$176
|
25.5%
|
Yes
|
Arkansas
|
3.9%
|
40.6%
|
$816
|
$603
|
$213
|
35.3%
|
Yes
|
California
|
19.1%
|
49.7%
|
$991
|
$747
|
$244
|
32.7%
|
No
|
Colorado
|
9.4%
|
46.8%
|
$865
|
$773
|
$92
|
11.9%
|
No
|
Connecticut
|
16.4%
|
52.7%
|
$1,119
|
$844
|
$275
|
32.6%
|
No
|
Delaware
|
10.3%
|
45.8%
|
$960
|
$737
|
$223
|
30.3%
|
No
|
District of Columbia
|
10.7%
|
52.7%
|
$1,124
|
$1,076
|
$48
|
4.5%
|
No
|
Florida
|
7.0%
|
48.3%
|
$830
|
$688
|
$142
|
20.6%
|
Yes
|
Georgia
|
4.6%
|
42.3%
|
$878
|
$674
|
$204
|
30.3%
|
Yes
|
Hawaii
|
21.1%
|
44.3%
|
$795
|
$694
|
$101
|
14.6%
|
No
|
Idaho
|
5.4%
|
40.6%
|
$818
|
$633
|
$185
|
29.2%
|
Yes
|
Illinois
|
14.7%
|
43.9%
|
$848
|
$726
|
$122
|
16.8%
|
No
|
Indiana
|
7.6%
|
32.8%
|
$881
|
$634
|
$247
|
39.0%
|
Yes
|
Iowa
|
11.2%
|
43.9%
|
$856
|
$655
|
$201
|
30.7%
|
Yes
|
Kansas
|
7.7%
|
41.4%
|
$853
|
$651
|
$202
|
31.0%
|
Yes
|
Kentucky
|
9.9%
|
41.2%
|
$744
|
$610
|
$134
|
22.0%
|
No
|
Louisiana
|
5.1%
|
39.4%
|
$851
|
$599
|
$252
|
42.1%
|
Yes
|
Maine
|
12.7%
|
48.9%
|
$826
|
$648
|
$178
|
27.5%
|
No
|
Maryland
|
12.7%
|
48.9%
|
$1,071
|
$837
|
$234
|
28.0%
|
No
|
Massachusetts
|
16.3%
|
54.1%
|
$1,060
|
$849
|
$211
|
24.9%
|
No
|
Michigan
|
16.7%
|
47.8%
|
$910
|
$691
|
$219
|
31.7%
|
Yes
|
Minnesota
|
15.2%
|
49.1%
|
$958
|
$769
|
$189
|
24.6%
|
No
|
Mississippi
|
4.4%
|
41.9%
|
$753
|
$599
|
$154
|
25.7%
|
Yes
|
Missouri
|
6.9%
|
32.3%
|
$855
|
$668
|
$187
|
28.0%
|
No
|
Montana
|
13.8%
|
46.4%
|
$704
|
$579
|
$125
|
21.6%
|
No
|
Nebraska
|
8.8%
|
47.6%
|
$879
|
$652
|
$227
|
34.8%
|
Yes
|
Nevada
|
15.9%
|
44.6%
|
$757
|
$632
|
$125
|
19.8%
|
Yes
|
New Hampshire
|
12.1%
|
51.7%
|
$985
|
$771
|
$214
|
27.8%
|
No
|
New Jersey
|
15.9%
|
45.9%
|
$1,006
|
$797
|
$209
|
26.2%
|
No
|
New Mexico
|
7.8%
|
45.8%
|
$836
|
$651
|
$185
|
28.4%
|
No
|
New York
|
25.7%
|
49.1%
|
$942
|
$751
|
$191
|
25.4%
|
No
|
North Carolina
|
3.8%
|
45.9%
|
$787
|
$657
|
$130
|
19.8%
|
Yes
|
North Dakota
|
7.6%
|
45.9%
|
$881
|
$665
|
$216
|
32.5%
|
Yes
|
Ohio
|
11.9%
|
42.0%
|
$842
|
$667
|
$175
|
26.2%
|
No
|
Oklahoma
|
7.7%
|
42.8%
|
$722
|
$616
|
$106
|
17.2%
|
Yes
|
Oregon
|
17.6%
|
51.6%
|
$874
|
$716
|
$158
|
22.1%
|
No
|
Pennsylvania
|
12.1%
|
41.0%
|
$832
|
$690
|
$142
|
20.6%
|
No
|
Rhode Island
|
17.5%
|
51.0%
|
$1,015
|
$724
|
$291
|
40.2%
|
No
|
South Carolina
|
4.1%
|
46.3%
|
$896
|
$613
|
$283
|
46.2%
|
Yes
|
South Dakota
|
5.9%
|
46.8%
|
$746
|
$613
|
$133
|
21.7%
|
Yes
|
Tennessee
|
5.2%
|
40.6%
|
$800
|
$621
|
$179
|
28.8%
|
Yes
|
Texas
|
5.9%
|
42.5%
|
$896
|
$637
|
$259
|
40.7%
|
Yes
|
Utah
|
5.5%
|
41.7%
|
$819
|
$643
|
$176
|
27.4%
|
Yes
|
Vermont
|
14.9%
|
56.8%
|
$938
|
$704
|
$234
|
33.2%
|
No
|
Virginia
|
5.4%
|
44.3%
|
$1,099
|
$796
|
$303
|
38.1%
|
Yes
|
Washington
|
18.4%
|
44.3%
|
$945
|
$748
|
$197
|
26.3%
|
No
|
West Virginia
|
11.7%
|
41.9%
|
$782
|
$606
|
$176
|
29.0%
|
No
|
Wisconsin
|
10.9%
|
41.9%
|
$838
|
$697
|
$141
|
20.2%
|
Yes
|
Wyoming
|
5.5%
|
32.4%
|
$1,007
|
$658
|
$349
|
53.0%
|
Yes
|
United States
|
11.9%
|
46.0%
|
$911
|
$694
|
$217
|
31.3%
|
|
Notes: Data on earnings, the share of women workers in unions, and the share of union workers who are women are for those aged 16 and older and are four-year (2011–2014) averages. Earnings are in 2014 dollars and are not controlled for age, level of education, or industry. U.S. earnings data are based on IWPR microdata analysis. Data on right-to-work states are as of March 2015.
|
Sources: Data on Right-to-Work states from National Conference of State Legislatures 2015. All other data is IWPR analysis of data from the Current Population Survey Outgoing Rotation Groups (CPS ORG) .
|
